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Splay is an appearance defect in the surface of the part, usually
appearing as trapped gas bubbles being smeared across the
surface as the flow front moves to fill the part. Splay can
have several basic causes including moisture in the material
(inadequate drying); overheating and outgassing; long holdup
time either in the barrel or in a small dead spot; high fill speed
causing high shear; part geometry causing high shear, usually at
the gate or along a high-shear flow edge; trapped air because of
very low back pressure on the screw; or air trapped as a result
of part or runner geometry.
A second type of splay can come from unmelted or different-
viscosity material. The basic cause of this is large temperature
differences in the flow path, such as a cold nozzle or manifold
or weak temperature control in a manifold. This appears very
much like gaseous splay but, on very close examination, can
sometimes be seen as unmelted particles.
Splay can also come from contamination by incompatible
materials either left in the machine or mixed with the pellets.
Notice in the Troubleshooting guide that the most probable
cures for splay at the gate are different from those for splay at
locations remote from the gate.
Sprue sticking in clear materials refers to the sprue sticking in
the mold, so it must be removed manually.
Part sticking refers to the entire part sticking in the mold—not
just the sprue.
Burning is the appearance of brown or black near vents, usually
in the last area of the part to fill. It re sults from overheating of
gasses (air) as the part fills.
Flash is plastic that flows into the parting line of the mold
beyond the edges of the part and freezes to form thin, sheet-like
protrusions from the part.
Brown streaks refer to streaks in the part that start at the gate
(or earlier, in the sprue) and flow across the part.
Discoloration refers to any nonuniform coloration, whether
a general brown color such as that caused by overheating or
streaky discoloration resulting from contamination.
Black specks are tiny black particles that may be seen in the part.
Weld lines (or knit lines) are present and not a problem in many
cases. As used in the Troubleshooting Guide, the term refers to
weld lines that are excessively visible, or to incomplete welding.
Jetting or “snake flow” appears in the part as a stream of
frozen plastic that is coiled or curled inside the part. It results
from the melt stream going through the gate and not impinging
on or spreading out across the mold surface but staying in a
small stream at least for part of the shot.
Warpage refers to the part not being as straight or flat as the mold.
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